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- Network Working Group W A Simpson
- Internet Draft Daydreamer
- expires in six months July 1993
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- The PPP Internetwork Packet Exchange Control Protocol (IPXCP)
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- Status of this Memo
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- This document is the product of the Point-to-Point Protocol Working
- Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Comments should
- be submitted to the ietf-ppp@ucdavis.edu mailing list.
-
- Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are working
- documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas,
- and its Working Groups. Note that other groups may also distribute
- working documents as Internet Drafts.
-
- Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
- months. Internet Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by
- other documents at any time. It is not appropriate to use Internet
- Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as a
- ``working draft'' or ``work in progress.''
-
- Please check the 1id-abstracts.txt listing contained in the
- internet-drafts Shadow Directories on nic.ddn.mil, nnsc.nsf.net,
- nic.nordu.net, ftp.nisc.sri.com, or munnari.oz.au to learn the
- current status of any Internet Draft.
-
- Abstract
-
- The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) [1] provides a method for
- transmitting multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links. PPP
- defines an extensible Link Control Protocol, and proposes a family of
- Network Control Protocols for establishing and configuring different
- network-layer protocols.
-
- The IPX protocol was originally used in Novell's NetWare products
- [3], and is now supported by numerous other vendors. This document
- defines the Network Control Protocol for establishing and configuring
- the IPX protocol over PPP.
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- 1. Introduction
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- PPP has three main components:
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- 1. A method for encapsulating multi-protocol datagrams.
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- 2. A Link Control Protocol (LCP) for establishing, configuring,
- and testing the data-link connection.
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- 3. A family of Network Control Protocols for establishing and
- configuring different network-layer protocols.
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- In order to establish communications over a point-to-point link, each
- end of the PPP link must first send LCP packets to configure and test
- the data link. After the link has been established and optional
- facilities have been negotiated as needed by the LCP, PPP must send
- IPXCP packets to choose and configure the IPX network-layer protocol.
- Once IPXCP has reached the Opened state, IPX datagrams can be sent
- over the link.
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- The link will remain configured for communications until explicit LCP
- or IPXCP packets close the link down, or until some external event
- occurs (an inactivity timer expires or network administrator
- intervention).
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- 1.1. Specification of Requirements
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- In this document, several words are used to signify the requirements
- of the specification. These words are often capitalized.
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- MUST This word, or the adjective "required", means that the
- definition is an absolute requirement of the specification.
-
- MUST NOT This phrase means that the definition is an absolute
- prohibition of the specification.
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- SHOULD This word, or the adjective "recommended", means that there
- may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to
- ignore this item, but the full implications should be
- understood and carefully weighed before choosing a
- different course.
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- MAY This word, or the adjective "optional", means that this
- item is one of an allowed set of alternatives. An
- implementation which does not include this option MUST be
- prepared to interoperate with another implementation which
- does include the option.
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- 1.2. Terminology
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- This document frequently uses the following terms:
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- peer The other end of the point-to-point link.
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- silently discard
- This means the implementation discards the packet without
- further processing. The implementation SHOULD provide the
- capability of logging the error, including the contents of
- the silently discarded packet, and SHOULD record the event
- in a statistics counter.
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- end-system A user's machine. It only sends packets to servers and
- other end-systems. It doesn't pass any packets through
- itself.
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- router Allows packets to pass through, usually from one ethernet
- segment to another. Sometimes these are called
- "intermediate-systems".
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- half-router
- Two normal routers, with an unnumbered link between them.
- Each looks like a router to the local users, but Netware
- doesn't understand unnumbered links, so each router is made
- to look like they both are a single machine.
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- 2. A PPP Network Control Protocol for IPX
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- The IPX Control Protocol (IPXCP) is responsible for configuring,
- enabling, and disabling the IPX protocol modules on both ends of the
- point-to-point link. IPXCP uses the same packet exchange mechanism
- as the Link Control Protocol. IPXCP packets may not be exchanged
- until PPP has reached the Network-Layer Protocol phase. IPXCP
- packets received before this phase is reached should be silently
- discarded.
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- The IPX Control Protocol is exactly the same as the Link Control
- Protocol [1] with the following exceptions:
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- Frame Modifications
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- The packet may utilize any modifications to the basic frame format
- which have been negotiated during the Link Establishment phase.
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- Data Link Layer Protocol Field
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- Exactly one IPXCP packet is encapsulated in the Information field
- of a PPP Data Link Layer frame where the Protocol field indicates
- type hex 802B (IPX Control Protocol).
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- Code field
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- Only Codes 1 through 7 (Configure-Request, Configure-Ack,
- Configure-Nak, Configure-Reject, Terminate-Request, Terminate-Ack
- and Code-Reject) are used. Other Codes should be treated as
- unrecognized and should result in Code-Rejects.
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- Timeouts
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- IPXCP packets may not be exchanged until PPP has reached the
- Network-Layer Protocol phase. An implementation should be
- prepared to wait for Authentication and Link Quality Determination
- to finish before timing out waiting for a Configure-Ack or other
- response. It is suggested that an implementation give up only
- after user intervention or a configurable amount of time.
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- Configuration Option Types
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- IPXCP has a distinct set of Configuration Options.
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- 2.1. Sending IPX Datagrams
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- Before any IPX packets may be communicated, PPP must reach the
- Network-Layer Protocol phase, and the IPX Control Protocol must reach
- the Opened state.
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- Exactly one IPX packet is encapsulated in the Information field of a
- PPP Data Link Layer frame where the Protocol field indicates type hex
- 002B (IPX datagram).
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- The maximum length of an IPX datagram transmitted over a PPP link is
- the same as the maximum length of the Information field of a PPP data
- link layer frame. Since there is no standard method for fragmenting
- and reassembling IPX datagrams, PPP links supporting IPX MUST allow
- at least 576 octets in the information field of a data link layer
- frame.
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- 2.2. IPX-WAN protocol
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- A Novell specification called IPX-WAN [4] is intended to provide
- mechanisms similar to IPXCP negotiation over wide area links. As
- viewed by PPP, IPX-WAN is a part of IPX, and IPX-WAN packets are
- indistinguishable from other IPX packets.
-
- Currently, Novell has implemented IPXCP without any Configuration
- Options, and requires successful IPX-WAN completion, even when all
- required parameters have been hand configured. This makes it
- impossible for the current Novell products to interoperate with other
- IPXCP implementations which do not already include support for IPX-
- WAN.
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- 2.3. Desired Parameters
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- To resolve the possible conflict between the two configuration
- methods, this specification defines the concept of "Desired
- Parameters". Where applicable, each Configuration Option indicates
- the environment where the parameter which is negotiated MAY be
- required by the implementation for proper operation.
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- This determination is highly implementation dependent. For example,
- a particular implementation might require that all links have
- addresses, while another implementation might not need such
- addresses. The configuration negotiation is intended to discover
- that this pair of implementations will never converge.
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- 2.4. Co-existence with IPX-WAN
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- An IPXCP implementation which includes support for IPX-WAN SHOULD
- always reach Opened state, even when unable to negotiate some
- "Desired Parameter", and when no Configuration Options are
- successfully negotiated. This allows IPX-WAN the opportunity to
- finish the negotiation.
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- If an implementation does not include support for IPX-WAN, it SHOULD
- NOT reach Opened state when unable to negotiate some "Desired
- Parameter".
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- IPX-WAN uses a "Timer Request" packet to set up the link. These MUST
- NOT be sent until IPXCP has Opened the link.
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- An implementation which provides both IPX-WAN and IPXCP Configuration
- Options capability SHOULD only send a Timer Request packet when a
- Timer Request packet is received, or upon failure to successfully
- negotiate a "Desired Parameter".
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- If unable to complete IPX-WAN setup when a "Desired Parameter" is
- unknown, by default IPXCP SHOULD terminate the link.
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- However, some implementations might be capable of operating without
- all indicated "Desired Parameters", in which case the termination
- MUST be configurable.
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- 3. IPXCP Configuration Options
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- IPXCP Configuration Options allow modifications to the standard
- characteristics of the network-layer protocol to be negotiated. If a
- Configuration Option is not included in a Configure-Request packet, the
- default value for that Configuration Option is assumed.
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- IPXCP uses the same Configuration Option format defined for LCP [1],
- with a separate set of Options.
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- Up-to-date values of the IPXCP Option Type field are specified in the
- most recent "Assigned Numbers" RFC [2]. Current values are assigned as
- follows:
-
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- 1 IPX-Network-Number
- 2 IPX-Node-Number
- 3 IPX-Compression-Protocol
- 4 IPX-Routing-Protocol
- 5 IPX-Router-Name
- 6 IPX-Configuration-Complete
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- 3.1. IPX-Network-Number
-
- Description
-
- This Configuration Option provides a way to negotiate the IPX
- network number to be used for the link. This allows an
- implementation to learn the network number, or to ensure agreement
- on the network number.
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- The network number MUST be unique within the routing domain, or
- zero to indicate that it is not used for routing.
-
- The sender of the Configure-Request states which network number is
- desired. A network number specified as zero in a Configure-
- Request shall be interpreted as requesting the peer to specify
- another value in a Configure-Nak. A network number specified as
- zero in a Configure-Ack shall be interpreted as agreement that no
- value exists.
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- Both ends of the link MUST have the same network number. When a
- Configure-Request is received which has a lower network number
- than locally configured, a Configure-Nak MUST be returned with the
- highest network number.
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- When the peer did not provide the option in its Configure-Request,
- the option SHOULD NOT be appended to a Configure-Nak.
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- By default, no network number is assigned to the link (the network
- number is zero). There is no need for a network number if the
- interface is not used by a routing protocol.
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- This is a Desired Parameter when the implementation is operating
- as a router. It MUST be negotiated if the network number is non-
- zero, and has been derived from another interface.
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- Any IPX-WAN packets received MUST supercede information negotiated
- in this option.
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- A summary of the IPX-Network-Number Configuration Option format is
- shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right.
-
- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Type | Length | IPX-Network-Number
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | IPX-Network-Number (cont.) |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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- Type
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- 1
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- Length
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- 6
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- IPX-Network-Number
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- The four octet IPX-Network-Number is the desired local IPX network
- number of the sender of the Configure-Request. This number may be
- zero, which is interpreted as being a local network of unknown
- number that is not used by the routing protocol.
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- 3.2. IPX-Node-Number
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- Description
-
- This Configuration Option provides a way to negotiate the IPX node
- number to be used for the local end of the link. This allows an
- implementation to learn its node number, or to inform the peer of
- its node number.
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- The node number MUST be unique for the network number.
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- The sender of the Configure-Request states which node number is
- desired. A node number specified as zero in a Configure-Request
- shall be interpreted as requesting the peer to specify another
- value in a Configure-Nak. A node number specified as zero in a
- Configure-Ack shall be interpreted as agreement that no value
- exists.
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- If negotiation about the peer node number is required, and the
- peer did not provide the option in its Configure-Request, the
- option can be appended to a Configure-Nak. The value of the node
- number given MUST be acceptable as the peer IPX-Node-Number, or
- indicate with a zero value that the peer provide the information.
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- By default, no node number is assigned to the link (the node
- number is zero). There is no need for a node number if the
- interface is not used by a routing protocol.
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- This is a Desired Parameter when the implementation is operating
- as an end-system. However, when the node number has been
- statically configured, this option SHOULD NOT be negotiated unless
- requested by the peer.
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- Any IPX-WAN packets received MUST supercede information negotiated
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- A summary of the IPX-Node-Number Configuration Option format is shown
- below. The fields are transmitted from left to right.
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- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Type | Length | IPX-Node-Number
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | IPX-Node-Number (cont.) |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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- Type
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- 2
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- Length
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- 8
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- IPX-Node-Number
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- The six octet IPX-Node-Number is the desired local IPX node number
- of the sender of the Configure-Request.
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- 3.3. IPX-Compression-Protocol
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- Description
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- This Configuration Option provides a way to negotiate the use of a
- specific compression protocol. By default, compression is not
- enabled.
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- The sender of this Configuration Option indicates that it can
- receive packets with the specified compression technique. A
- Configure-Ack MAY obligate the peer to send such packets,
- depending on the protocol negotiated.
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- Information negotiated in this option MUST supercede any IPX-WAN
- packets received, since IPX-WAN packets could be affected by the
- compression technique.
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- A summary of the IPX-Compression-Protocol Configuration Option format
- is shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right.
-
- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Type | Length | IPX-Compression-Protocol |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Data ...
- +-+-+-+-+
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- Type
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- Length
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- >= 4
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- IPX-Compression-Protocol
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- The IPX-Compression-Protocol field is two octets and indicates the
- compression protocol desired. Odd values for this field are
- always the same as the PPP Data Link Layer Protocol field values
- for that same compression protocol. Even values are used when the
- compression protocol is interleaved with IPX packets.
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- Up-to-date values of the IPX-Compression-Protocol field are
- specified in the most recent "Assigned Numbers" RFC [2]. Current
- values are assigned as follows:
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- Value (in hex) Protocol
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- 0002 Telebit Compressed IPX
- 0235 Shiva Compressed NCP/IPX
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- Data
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- The Data field is zero or more octets and contains additional data
- as determined by the particular compression protocol.
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- 3.4. IPX-Routing-Protocol
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- Description
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- This Configuration Option provides a way to negotiate the use of a
- specific routing protocol (or no routing protocol, if desired).
- The sender of this option is specifying that it wishes to receive
- information of the specified routing protocol. Multiple protocols
- MAY be requested by sending multiple IPX-Routing-Protocol
- Configuration Options. The "no routing protocol required" value
- is mutually exclusive with other values.
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- By default, Novell's combination of Routing Information Protocol
- (RIP) and Server Advertising Protocol (SAP) is expected.
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- This is a Desired Parameter when the implementation is operating
- as an end-system, to indicate that no routing protocol is
- necessary.
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- Any IPX-WAN packets received MAY add to information negotiated in
- this option.
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- A summary of the IPX-Routing-Protocol Configuration Option format is
- shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right.
-
- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Type | Length | IPX-Routing-Protocol |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Data ...
- +-+-+-+-+
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- Length
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- IPX-Routing-Protocol
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- The IPX-Routing-Protocol field is two octets and indicates the
- type of Routing-Protocol desired. This two octet quantity is sent
- most significant octet first.
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- Up-to-date values of the IPX-Routing-Protocol field are specified
- in the most recent "Assigned Numbers" RFC [2]. Current values are
- assigned as follows:
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- Value Protocol
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- 0 No routing protocol required
- 1 RESERVED
- 2 Novell RIP/SAP required
- 4 Novell NLSP required
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- Data
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- The Data field is zero or more octets and contains additional data
- as determined by the routing protocol indicated in the Routing-
- Protocol field.
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- 3.5. IPX-Router-Name
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- Description
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- This Configuration Option provides a way to convey information
- about the IPX server name.
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- The nature of this option is advisory only. It is provided as a
- means of improving the end system's ability to provide a simple
- user interface. This option MUST NOT be included in a Configure-
- Nak.
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- A summary of the IPX-Router-Name Option format is shown below. The
- fields are transmitted from left to right.
-
- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Type | Length | Name...
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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- Type
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- 5
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- Length
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- >= 3
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- Name
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- This field contains the name of the IPX entity on this end of the
- link. The symbolic name should be between 1 and 47 ASCII
- characters in length, containing the characters 'A' through 'Z',
- underscore (_), hyphen (-) and "at" sign (@). The length of the
- name is bounded by the option length.
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- On reception, the name SHOULD be padded to 48 characters using the
- NUL character. Those readers familiar with NetWare 3.x servers
- will realize that this is equivalent to the file server name.
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- 3.6. IPX-Configuration-Complete
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- Description
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- This Configuration Option provides a way to indicate that all
- implementation-dependent Desired Parameters are satisfied. It is
- provided as a means of detecting when convergence will occur in a
- heterogeneous environment.
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- This option SHOULD be included in a Configure-Request when the
- combination of statically configured parameters and offered
- Configuration Options will result in successful configuration.
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- The nature of this option is advisory only. This option MUST NOT
- be included in a Configure-Nak.
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- Implementation Note: An implementation which does not support
- IPX-WAN can immediately detect that link setup will not be
- successful when a Desired Parameter is unknown, if this option
- is not present in the peer's Configure-Request or is Rejected
- by the peer. This avoids timeout delays.
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- An implementation which supports IPX-WAN may improve link setup
- time by skipping IPX-WAN entirely when this option has been
- Ack'd in both directions.
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- However, it is perfectly acceptable to complete configuration
- without including this option. An implementation which
- includes the entire panoply of configuration options and IPX-
- WAN SHOULD interoperate with an implementation which does not
- support IPX-WAN nor any configuration options (including this
- one), as long as the Desired Parameters are satisfied by
- default or hand configuration.
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- A summary of the IPX-Configuration-Complete Option format is shown
- below. The fields are transmitted from left to right.
-
- 0 1
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Type | Length |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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- A. Link Delay and Throughput
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- There has been some concern over correctly estimating the link delay
- (in 55 millisecond ticks) used by Novell routing protocols.
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- IPX-WAN uses its Timer Request and Reply for this purpose. The
- measured delay is multiplied by a factor of 6, because the
- measurement is done during initialization of the link, and does not
- reflect actual loading.
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- The delay is better measured using the PPP LCP Echo facility, by
- inserting a timestamp in the data part of the Request, and comparing
- it with the same timer when the reply returns. This method could be
- used to periodically re-evaluate the actual round trip delay as link
- and system loads change. The echo packet size SHOULD be 576, to
- match the default IPX packet size.
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- In the absence of such dynamic measurements, empirical evidence has
- shown the following to be sufficient:
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- 2,400 bps 134 ticks
- 14,400 bps 21 ticks
- 57,600 bps 5 ticks
- > 1 Mbps 1 tick
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- Security Considerations
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- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
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- References
-
- [1] Simpson, W. A., "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)", RFC 1331,
- May 1992.
-
- [2] Reynolds, J.K., Postel, J.B., "Assigned Numbers", RFC 1340,
- July 1992.
-
- [3] Novell Inc., "NetWare System Interface Technical Overview",
- Novell Part Number 883-001143-001
-
- [4] Allen, M., "Novell IPX Over Various WAN Media", Novell Inc.,
- RFC 1362, September 1992.
-
- [5] Mathu, Saroop, Lewis, Mark, "Compressing IPX Headers Over WAN
- Media (CIPX)", work-in-progress, April 1993.
-
-
-
- Simpson expires in six months [Page 18]
- DRAFT PPP IPXCP July 1993
-
-
- Acknowledgments
-
- Some of the text in this document is taken from previous documents
- produced by the Point-to-Point Protocol Working Group of the Internet
- Engineering Task Force (IETF).
-
- This document is derivative of drafts written by the following
- people. Many thanks for their work, and for taking an initial stab
- at the protocol:
-
- Michael Allen (mallen@novell.com)
- Dave McCool (dave@shiva.com)
- Robert D Vincent (bert@shiva.com)
- Marty Del Vecchio (marty@shiva.com)
-
-
-
- Chair's Address
-
- The working group can be contacted via the current chair:
-
- Fred Baker
- Advanced Computer Communications
- 315 Bollay Drive
- Santa Barbara, California, 93111
-
- EMail: fbaker@acc.com
-
-
- Author's Address
-
- Questions about this memo can also be directed to:
-
- William Allen Simpson
- Daydreamer
- Computer Systems Consulting Services
- P O Box 6205
- East Lansing, MI 48826-6205
-
- EMail: Bill.Simpson@um.cc.umich.edu
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- Simpson expires in six months [Page 19]
- DRAFT PPP IPXCP July 1993
-
-
- Table of Contents
-
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- 1. Introduction .......................................... 1
- 1.1 Specification of Requirements ................... 1
- 1.2 Terminology ..................................... 2
-
- 2. A PPP Network Control Protocol for IPX ................ 3
- 2.1 Sending IPX Datagrams ........................... 4
- 2.2 IPX-WAN protocol ................................ 4
- 2.3 Desired Parameters .............................. 4
- 2.4 Co-existence with IPX-WAN ....................... 5
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- 3. IPXCP Configuration Options ........................... 6
- 3.1 IPX-Network-Number .............................. 7
- 3.2 IPX-Node-Number ................................. 9
- 3.3 IPX-Compression-Protocol ........................ 11
- 3.4 IPX-Routing-Protocol ............................ 13
- 3.5 IPX-Router-Name ................................. 15
- 3.6 IPX-Configuration-Complete ...................... 16
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- APPENDICES ................................................... 18
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- A. Link Delay and Throughput ............................. 18
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- SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS ...................................... 18
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- REFERENCES ................................................... 18
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- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................. 19
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- CHAIR'S ADDRESS .............................................. 19
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- AUTHOR'S ADDRESS ............................................. 19
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